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The Praier and Complaynte of the Ploweman unto Christe: written not longe after the yere of our Lorde. M. and three hundred is a short (14 pages), anonymous English Christian text, probably written in the late fourteenth or early fifteenth century and first printed in about 1531. It consists of a prose tract, in the form of a polemical prayer, expressing Lollard sentiments and arguing for religious reform. In it, the simple ploughman/narrator speaks on behalf of "the repressed common man imbued with the simple truths of the Bible and a knowledge of the commandments against the mighty and monolithic conservative church".〔Douglas H. Parker (ed): ''Praier & Complaynte of the Ploweman unto Christe'', University of Toronto Press, 1997. ISBN 0-8020-4268-6.〕 The pastoral-ecclesiastical metaphor of shepherds and sheep is used extensively as a number of criticisms are made about such things as confession, indulgences, purgatory, tithing and celibacy. The ''Prayer'' became important in the sixteenth century, when its themes were taken up by proponents of the Protestant Reformation. ==History of the ''Prayer''== The ''Prayer'' was probably written as a manuscript in the late fourteenth or early fifteenth century, but no manuscript copies survive. It was first printed by a Protestant printer, Martinus de Keyser, in Antwerp, in about 1531, and then in London, by another Protestant printer, Thomas Godfray, in about 1532, although Godfray's name does not appear in the edition. A preface in both editions, "To the Reader", dates itself 28 February 1531 and claims (undoubtedly in error) that the ''Prayer'' was written "not longe after the yere of our Lorde A thousand and thre hundred." John Bale included the ''Prayer'', under the curious Latin title of ''Agricolae Praecatione'' in his bibliographic work, ''Scriptorum Illustrium maioris Brytannie . . . Catalogus'' (Basel, 1557–59). John Foxe included the text of the ''Prayer'' (identifying Tyndale as its editor) in his second (1570) edition of ''Acts and Monuments'', but it was deleted in the third (1576) edition, and reinstated in the fourth (1583) and subsequent editions. Foxe's 1570 introduction dates the ''Prayer'' to the mid-fourteenth century and claims not to have changed any of it since the antique language gives "credit" to it and its "testimony." Marginal notes explicate the most difficult words as well as the points that square with Protestant attacks on Roman Catholicism. An edition was edited and reprinted by the University of Toronto Press in 1997. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「The Praier and Complaynte of the Ploweman unto Christe」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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